ritu s.sood

URBAN SANITATION IN INDIA Sanitation is defined as safe disposal of human excreta including its safe confinement treatment disposal and associated hygiene practices. Sanitation is also depend on other elements like environmental sanitation along with the management of drinking water supply. Sanitation in India is becoming more and more problematic . There are so  many attributable factors responsible for this situation .  • Sanitation it self is in crisis ,its not only in India this is through out the world .  • 2.6 billion people worldwide - 40% of the world's population - do not have a toilet. Yet, despite the fact that 5,000 children die every day from diarrhoeal diseases, there has been no political action on the issue. • the millennium development goals clearly stated the importance of water and sanitation the fact is water and sanitation is the most neglected and most off-track of the UN millennium development goals • Developing countries like India

e-Choupal is an initiative of ITC Limited "Imperial Tobacco Company", a conglomerate in India, to link directly with rural farmers via the Internet for procurement of agricultural and aquaculture products like soybeans, wheat, coffee, and prawns. e-Choupal tackles the challenges posed by Indian agriculture, characterized by fragmented farms, weak infrastructure and the involvement of intermediaries. The programme installs computers with Internet access in rural areas of India to offer farmers up-to-date marketing and agricultural information. Effects of e-Choupal ITC Limited has provided computers and Internet access in rural areas across several agricultural regions of the country, where the farmers can directly negotiate the sale of their produce with ITC Limited. Online access enables farmers to obtain information on mandi prices, and good farming practices, and to place orders for agricultural inputs like seeds and fertilizers. This helps farmers improve the qualit

What is water harvesting? It means capturing rain where it falls or capturing the run off in your own village or town. And taking measures to keep that water clean by not allowing polluting activities to take place in the catchment. Therefore, water harvesting can be undertaken through a variety of ways Capturing runoff from rooftops Capturing runoff from local catchments Capturing seasonal floodwaters from local streams Conserving water through watershed management These techniques can serve the following the following purposes: Provide drinking water Provide irrigation water Increase groundwater recharge Reduce stormwater discharges, urban floods and overloading of sewage treatment plants Reduce seawater ingress in coastal areas. In general, water harvesting is the activity of direct collection of rainwater. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or can be recharged into the groundwater. Rain is the first form of water that we know in the hydrol

Empowering Women (ref UNFPA) Despite many international agreements affirming their human rights, women are still much more likely than men to be poor and illiterate. They usually have less access than men to medical care, property ownership, credit, training and employment. They are far less likely than men to be politically active and far more likely to be victims of domestic violence. The ability of women to control their own fertility is absolutely fundamental to women’s empowerment and equality. When a woman can  plan her family , she can plan the rest of her life. When she is healthy, she can be more productive. And when her reproductive rights—including the right to decide the number, timing and spacing of her children, and to make decisions regarding reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence—are promoted and protected, she has freedom to participate more fully and equally in society. Understanding gender equality and women's empowerment: Gender

research https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Og4BGyZr_Nk

Process of research Research is often conducted using the hourglass model structure of research.   The hourglass model starts with a broad spectrum for research, focusing in on the required information through the method of the project (like the neck of the hourglass) narrowing down to focus on one   specific aspect , then expands the research in the form of discussion, conclusion and results. The major steps in conducting research are: §   Identification of research problem §   Literature review §   Specifying the purpose of research §   Determine specific research questions or hypotheses §   Data collection §   Analyzing and interpreting the data §   Reporting and evaluating research   Step 1: Identify the Problem The first step in the process is to identify a problem or develop a research question. The research problem may be something the agency identifies as a problem, some knowledge or information that is needed by the agency, or the desire to identify

Research Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research   and experimental development is creative work undertaken systematically to increase the stock of knowledge. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support   theorems, or develop new   theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects, or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of   basic research   (as opposed to applied research) are   documentation,   discovery,   interpretation, or the   research and development   of methods and systems for the advancement of human   knowledge. Approaches to research depend on   epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences.

India's vast population, its diversity, the variability of services and the differing baselines across regions complicate the achievement of the MDGs. The Millennium Development declaration was a visionary document, which sought partnership between rich and poor nations to make globalisation a force for good. Its signatories agreed to explicit goals on a specific timeline. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set ambitious targets for reducing hunger, poverty, infant and maternal mortality, for reversing the spread of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria and giving children basic education by 2015. These also included gender equality, environmental sustainability and multisectoral and international partnerships. The 10th anniversary of the declaration was used to review progress and suggest course corrections to meet the 2015 deadline. The glittering banquets, the power lunches and the rhetoric at the formal meetings, attended by many celebrities, ambassadors of different nation

http://youtu.be/4hA81oaCNXk Millennium development goals